Acids Bases & Salts

High trendapprox. 6 marksSections B/C — pH-based reasoning and reaction equations of common acids/bases.

Notesformulae · proofs · mind-map — one view

Learn the 8 conceptsteach yourself first, then practise each

Properties of acids and bases1–2 marks

List two distinguishing properties each (taste, indicator, conduction).

What All Acids and All Bases Have in Common1–5 marks

Explain why acids give H⁺ (H₃O⁺) and bases OH⁻ only in water, and why such solutions conduct while glucose and alcohol do not.

Examples and Uses of Acids and Bases1–4 marks

Name common acids with their natural sources (e.g. citric acid in lemon) and common bases with one use (e.g. milk of magnesia as an antacid).

pH scale (0–14)1–2 marks

Interpret a given pH value as acidic / neutral / basic with strength.

Acid + base → salt + water (neutralisation)2–3 marks Visual

Write the balanced equation and identify products.

Common salts (NaCl, NaOH, NaHCO₃, Na₂CO₃, bleaching powder, plaster of Paris)2–3 marks

Recall preparation and one industrial use of each.

Indicators (litmus, turmeric, phenolphthalein, methyl orange; olfactory indicators)1–2 marks

Name the indicator and its colour change in an acid and in a base.

Importance of pH in everyday life (digestion and antacids, tooth decay, soil pH, acid rain)2–3 marks

Link a pH value to the everyday situation and its remedy (e.g. a mild base neutralises excess stomach acid).

When you’re ready — practise or test the whole topic